HS.ESS1C.b

(HS.ESS1C.b) Continental rocks, which can be older than 4 billion years, are generally much older than the rocks of the ocean floor, which are less than 200 million years old.

HS.PS4B.d

(HS.PS4B.d) Atoms of each element emit and absorb characteristic frequencies of light. These characteristics allow identification of the presence of an element, even in microscopic quantities.

HS.ESS1A.d

(HS.ESS1A.d) Other than the hydrogen and helium formed at the time of the Big Bang, nuclear fusion within stars produces all atomic nuclei lighter than and including iron, and the process releases electromagnetic energy. Heavier elements are produced when certain...

HS.ESS1A.b

(HS.ESS1A.b) The study of stars’ light spectra and brightness is used to identify compositional elements of stars, their movements, and their distances from Earth.

HS.ESS2C.a

(HS.ESS2C.a) The abundance of liquid water on Earth’s surface and its unique combination of physical and chemical properties are central to the planet’s dynamics. These properties include water’s exceptional capacity to absorb, store, and release large amounts of...